Arthritic changes can result in diminished mobility in the joint at the base of the big toe in cases of hallux limitus, and stiffness in cases of hallux rigidus. The extent of movement and findings from X-rays determine the stage of the condition. Even light pressure and movement can induce severe pain in the swollen and inflamed joint. Compensatory foot adduction and rolling onto the outer edge alter the natural gait pattern.

Muscular imbalances, mechanical strain on the first metatarsal bone, and hypermobility of the first metatarsal and phalanges are among the causes of hallux limitus or rigidus. Other common causes include inflammation resulting from rheumatism or infection.

These carbon insoles from Schein are notable for their thin yet robust stiffening springs beneath the first metatarsal and phalanges. These springs reduce pressure on the joint, thereby minimizing pain and restoring a normal gait. Immobilizing the joint helps alleviate pain, facilitating the healing of inflammation.